pythongh-91838: Use HTTPS links in docs for resources which redirect …

…to HTTPS (pythonGH-95527)

If an HTTP link is redirected to a same looking HTTPS link, the latter can
be used directly without changes in readability and behavior.
It protects from a men-in-the-middle attack.

This change does not affect Python examples.

.github/CONTRIBUTING.rst

@@ -6,19 +6,19 @@ Build Status
 
 - main
 
-  + `Stable buildbots <http://buildbot.python.org/3.x.stable/>`_
+  + `Stable buildbots <https://buildbot.python.org/3.x.stable/>`_
 
 - 3.9
 
-  + `Stable buildbots <http://buildbot.python.org/3.9.stable/>`_
+  + `Stable buildbots <https://buildbot.python.org/3.9.stable/>`_
 
 - 3.8
 
-  + `Stable buildbots <http://buildbot.python.org/3.8.stable/>`_
+  + `Stable buildbots <https://buildbot.python.org/3.8.stable/>`_
 
 - 3.7
 
-  + `Stable buildbots <http://buildbot.python.org/3.7.stable/>`_
+  + `Stable buildbots <https://buildbot.python.org/3.7.stable/>`_
 
 
 Thank You

Doc/extending/index.rst

@@ -27,8 +27,8 @@ Recommended third party tools
 
 This guide only covers the basic tools for creating extensions provided
 as part of this version of CPython. Third party tools like
-`Cython <http://cython.org/>`_, `cffi <https://cffi.readthedocs.io>`_,
-`SWIG <http://www.swig.org>`_ and `Numba <https://numba.pydata.org/>`_
+`Cython <https://cython.org/>`_, `cffi <https://cffi.readthedocs.io>`_,
+`SWIG <https://www.swig.org>`_ and `Numba <https://numba.pydata.org/>`_
 offer both simpler and more sophisticated approaches to creating C and C++
 extensions for Python.
 

Doc/faq/design.rst

@@ -321,8 +321,8 @@ is exactly the same type of object that a lambda expression yields) is assigned!
 Can Python be compiled to machine code, C or some other language?
 -----------------------------------------------------------------
 
-`Cython <http://cython.org/>`_ compiles a modified version of Python with
-optional annotations into C extensions.  `Nuitka <http://www.nuitka.net/>`_ is
+`Cython <https://cython.org/>`_ compiles a modified version of Python with
+optional annotations into C extensions.  `Nuitka <https://www.nuitka.net/>`_ is
 an up-and-coming compiler of Python into C++ code, aiming to support the full
 Python language.
 
@@ -338,8 +338,8 @@ cycles and deletes the objects involved. The :mod:`gc` module provides functions
 to perform a garbage collection, obtain debugging statistics, and tune the
 collector's parameters.
 
-Other implementations (such as `Jython <http://www.jython.org>`_ or
-`PyPy <http://www.pypy.org>`_), however, can rely on a different mechanism
+Other implementations (such as `Jython <https://www.jython.org>`_ or
+`PyPy <https://www.pypy.org>`_), however, can rely on a different mechanism
 such as a full-blown garbage collector.  This difference can cause some
 subtle porting problems if your Python code depends on the behavior of the
 reference counting implementation.

Doc/faq/extending.rst

@@ -41,18 +41,18 @@ on what you're trying to do.
 
 .. XXX make sure these all work
 
-`Cython <http://cython.org>`_ and its relative `Pyrex
+`Cython <https://cython.org>`_ and its relative `Pyrex
 <https://www.cosc.canterbury.ac.nz/greg.ewing/python/Pyrex/>`_ are compilers
 that accept a slightly modified form of Python and generate the corresponding
 C code.  Cython and Pyrex make it possible to write an extension without having
 to learn Python's C API.
 
 If you need to interface to some C or C++ library for which no Python extension
 currently exists, you can try wrapping the library's data types and functions
-with a tool such as `SWIG <http://www.swig.org>`_.  `SIP
+with a tool such as `SWIG <https://www.swig.org>`_.  `SIP
 <https://riverbankcomputing.com/software/sip/intro>`__, `CXX
 <http://cxx.sourceforge.net/>`_ `Boost
-<http://www.boost.org/libs/python/doc/index.html>`_, or `Weave
+<https://www.boost.org/libs/python/doc/index.html>`_, or `Weave
 <https://github.com/scipy/weave>`_ are also
 alternatives for wrapping C++ libraries.
 
@@ -286,6 +286,6 @@ Can I create an object class with some methods implemented in C and others in Py
 Yes, you can inherit from built-in classes such as :class:`int`, :class:`list`,
 :class:`dict`, etc.
 
-The Boost Python Library (BPL, http://www.boost.org/libs/python/doc/index.html)
+The Boost Python Library (BPL, https://www.boost.org/libs/python/doc/index.html)
 provides a way of doing this from C++ (i.e. you can inherit from an extension
 class written in C++ using the BPL).

Doc/faq/programming.rst

@@ -1066,7 +1066,7 @@ performance levels:
   detrimental to readability).
 
 If you have reached the limit of what pure Python can allow, there are tools
-to take you further away.  For example, `Cython <http://cython.org>`_ can
+to take you further away.  For example, `Cython <https://cython.org>`_ can
 compile a slightly modified version of Python code into a C extension, and
 can be used on many different platforms.  Cython can take advantage of
 compilation (and optional type annotations) to make your code significantly

Doc/howto/cporting.rst

@@ -22,5 +22,5 @@ We recommend the following resources for porting extension modules to Python 3:
 
 .. _Migrating C extensions: http://python3porting.com/cextensions.html
 .. _Porting guide: https://py3c.readthedocs.io/en/latest/guide.html
-.. _Cython: http://cython.org/
+.. _Cython: https://cython.org/
 .. _CFFI: https://cffi.readthedocs.io/en/latest/

Doc/howto/curses.rst

@@ -536,10 +536,10 @@ Patches adding support for these would be welcome; see
 `the Python Developer's Guide <https://devguide.python.org/>`_ to
 learn more about submitting patches to Python.
 
-* `Writing Programs with NCURSES <http://invisible-island.net/ncurses/ncurses-intro.html>`_:
+* `Writing Programs with NCURSES <https://invisible-island.net/ncurses/ncurses-intro.html>`_:
   a lengthy tutorial for C programmers.
 * `The ncurses man page <https://linux.die.net/man/3/ncurses>`_
-* `The ncurses FAQ <http://invisible-island.net/ncurses/ncurses.faq.html>`_
+* `The ncurses FAQ <https://invisible-island.net/ncurses/ncurses.faq.html>`_
 * `"Use curses... don't swear" <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eN1eZtjLEnU>`_:
   video of a PyCon 2013 talk on controlling terminals using curses or Urwid.
 * `"Console Applications with Urwid" <http://www.pyvideo.org/video/1568/console-applications-with-urwid>`_:

Doc/howto/functional.rst

@@ -1215,7 +1215,7 @@ flow inside a program.  The book uses Scheme for its examples, but many of the
 design approaches described in these chapters are applicable to functional-style
 Python code.
 
-http://www.defmacro.org/ramblings/fp.html: A general introduction to functional
+https://www.defmacro.org/ramblings/fp.html: A general introduction to functional
 programming that uses Java examples and has a lengthy historical introduction.
 
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Functional_programming: General Wikipedia entry
@@ -1228,7 +1228,7 @@ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Currying: Entry for the concept of currying.
 Python-specific
 ---------------
 
-http://gnosis.cx/TPiP/: The first chapter of David Mertz's book
+https://gnosis.cx/TPiP/: The first chapter of David Mertz's book
 :title-reference:`Text Processing in Python` discusses functional programming
 for text processing, in the section titled "Utilizing Higher-Order Functions in
 Text Processing".

Doc/howto/pyporting.rst

@@ -433,9 +433,9 @@ to make sure everything functions as expected in both versions of Python.
 
 
 .. _caniusepython3: https://pypi.org/project/caniusepython3
-.. _cheat sheet: http://python-future.org/compatible_idioms.html
+.. _cheat sheet: https://python-future.org/compatible_idioms.html
 .. _coverage.py: https://pypi.org/project/coverage
-.. _Futurize: http://python-future.org/automatic_conversion.html
+.. _Futurize: https://python-future.org/automatic_conversion.html
 .. _importlib2: https://pypi.org/project/importlib2
 .. _Modernize: https://python-modernize.readthedocs.io/
 .. _mypy: http://mypy-lang.org/
@@ -445,7 +445,7 @@ to make sure everything functions as expected in both versions of Python.
 .. _Python 3 Q & A: https://ncoghlan-devs-python-notes.readthedocs.io/en/latest/python3/questions_and_answers.html
 
 .. _pytype: https://github.com/google/pytype
-.. _python-future: http://python-future.org/
+.. _python-future: https://python-future.org/
 .. _python-porting: https://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-porting/
 .. _six: https://pypi.org/project/six
 .. _tox: https://pypi.org/project/tox

Doc/howto/unicode.rst

@@ -167,7 +167,7 @@ On the Computerphile Youtube channel, Tom Scott briefly
 (9 minutes 36 seconds).
 
 To help understand the standard, Jukka Korpela has written `an introductory
-guide <http://jkorpela.fi/unicode/guide.html>`_ to reading the
+guide <https://jkorpela.fi/unicode/guide.html>`_ to reading the
 Unicode character tables.
 
 Another `good introductory article <https://www.joelonsoftware.com/2003/10/08/the-absolute-minimum-every-software-developer-absolutely-positively-must-know-about-unicode-and-character-sets-no-excuses/>`_
@@ -735,7 +735,7 @@ References
 ----------
 
 One section of `Mastering Python 3 Input/Output
-<http://pyvideo.org/video/289/pycon-2010--mastering-python-3-i-o>`_,
+<https://pyvideo.org/video/289/pycon-2010--mastering-python-3-i-o>`_,
 a PyCon 2010 talk by David Beazley, discusses text processing and binary data handling.
 
 The `PDF slides for Marc-André Lemburg's presentation "Writing Unicode-aware
@@ -745,7 +745,7 @@ discuss questions of character encodings as well as how to internationalize
 and localize an application.  These slides cover Python 2.x only.
 
 `The Guts of Unicode in Python
-<http://pyvideo.org/video/1768/the-guts-of-unicode-in-python>`_
+<https://pyvideo.org/video/1768/the-guts-of-unicode-in-python>`_
 is a PyCon 2013 talk by Benjamin Peterson that discusses the internal Unicode
 representation in Python 3.3.
 

Doc/howto/urllib2.rst

@@ -411,7 +411,7 @@ fetched, particularly the headers sent by the server. It is currently an
 :class:`http.client.HTTPMessage` instance.
 
 Typical headers include 'Content-length', 'Content-type', and so on. See the
-`Quick Reference to HTTP Headers <http://jkorpela.fi/http.html>`_
+`Quick Reference to HTTP Headers <https://jkorpela.fi/http.html>`_
 for a useful listing of HTTP headers with brief explanations of their meaning
 and use.
 

Doc/library/collections.rst

@@ -664,7 +664,7 @@ added elements by appending to the right and popping to the left::
 
     def moving_average(iterable, n=3):
         # moving_average([40, 30, 50, 46, 39, 44]) --> 40.0 42.0 45.0 43.0
-        # http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moving_average
+        # https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moving_average
         it = iter(iterable)
         d = deque(itertools.islice(it, n-1))
         d.appendleft(0)

Doc/library/difflib.rst

@@ -353,9 +353,9 @@ diffs. For comparing directories and files, see also, the :mod:`filecmp` module.
 
 .. seealso::
 
-   `Pattern Matching: The Gestalt Approach <http://www.drdobbs.com/database/pattern-matching-the-gestalt-approach/184407970>`_
+   `Pattern Matching: The Gestalt Approach <https://www.drdobbs.com/database/pattern-matching-the-gestalt-approach/184407970>`_
       Discussion of a similar algorithm by John W. Ratcliff and D. E. Metzener. This
-      was published in `Dr. Dobb's Journal <http://www.drdobbs.com/>`_ in July, 1988.
+      was published in `Dr. Dobb's Journal <https://www.drdobbs.com/>`_ in July, 1988.
 
 
 .. _sequence-matcher:

Doc/library/gettext.rst

@@ -445,7 +445,7 @@ There are a few tools to extract the strings meant for translation.
 The original GNU :program:`gettext` only supported C or C++ source
 code but its extended version :program:`xgettext` scans code written
 in a number of languages, including Python, to find strings marked as
-translatable.  `Babel <http://babel.pocoo.org/>`__ is a Python
+translatable.  `Babel <https://babel.pocoo.org/>`__ is a Python
 internationalization library that includes a :file:`pybabel` script to
 extract and compile message catalogs.  François Pinard's program
 called :program:`xpot` does a similar job and is available as part of

Doc/library/http.client.rst

@@ -591,7 +591,7 @@ Here is an example session that shows how to ``POST`` requests::
    302 Found
    >>> data = response.read()
    >>> data
-   b'Redirecting to <a href="http://bugs.python.org/issue12524">http://bugs.python.org/issue12524</a>'
+   b'Redirecting to <a href="https://bugs.python.org/issue12524">https://bugs.python.org/issue12524</a>'
    >>> conn.close()
 
 Client side ``HTTP PUT`` requests are very similar to ``POST`` requests. The