Self-hosted Gateway

Jump to Getting Started

This project automates the provisioning of a Reverse Proxy-over-VPN (RPoVPN) using WireGuard, Caddy and NGINX. It provides a self-hosted alternative to Cloudflare Tunnels, Tailscale Funnel or ngrok and is suitable for exposing services defined in a docker-compose file. There's no code or APIs, just a generic NGINX config and a short bash script. It automatically provisions TLS certs with Caddy's Automatic HTTPS feature via Let's Encrypt.

Benefits

1. RPoVPN is a common strategy for remotely accessing applications self-hosted at home. It solves problems such as:

• Self-hosting behind double-NAT or via an ISP that does CGNAT (Starlink, Mobile Internet).
• Inability to portforward on your local network due to insufficient access.
• Having a dynamically allocated IP that may change frequently.

2. Using RPoVPN is ideal for self-hosting from both a network security and privacy perspective:

• Prevents the need to expose your home public IP address to the world.
• Utilises the advanced network isolation capabilities of Docker (via Linux network namespaces) to isolate your self-hosted services from your home network and your other docker self-hosted services.
• Built on open-source technologies (WireGuard, Caddy and NGINX).

Getting Started

Prerequisites

• Ability to create an A record for a domain name.
• A Linux host to act as the gateway, typically a cloud VPS (Hetzner, Digital Ocean, etc..) with the following requirements:
  • Open ports 80/443 (http(s)).
  • UDP port range listed /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_local_port_range exposed to the internet.
  • SSH access to the gateway.
  • docker, git & make installed.
• Server with one or more services defined in a docker-compose.yml that you would like to expose to the internet.
• A local machine to run the commands on. This may also be the server where the exposed services will run.
  • docker, git & make installed on the local machine.

Steps

1. Point *.mydomain.com (DNS A Record) to the IPv4 & IPv6 address of your VPS Gateway host.

2. Connect to the gateway via SSH and setup the gateway service:

foo@gateway:~$ git clone ... && cd selfhosted-gateway
foo@gateway:~/selfhosted-gateway$ make setup
foo@gateway:~/selfhosted-gateway$ make gateway

3. On your local machine, generate a link and the required docker-compose.yml snippet:

foo@local:~$ git clone ... && cd selfhosted-gateway
foo@local:~/selfhosted-gateway$ make docker
foo@local:~/selfhosted-gateway$ make link [email protected] FQDN=nginx.mydomain.com EXPOSE=nginx:80
  link:
    image: fractalnetworks/gateway-client:latest
    environment:
      LINK_DOMAIN: nginx.mydomain.com
      EXPOSE: nginx:80
      GATEWAY_CLIENT_WG_PRIVKEY: 4M7Ap0euzTxq7gTA/WIYIt3nU+i2FvHUc9eYTFQ2CGI=
      GATEWAY_LINK_WG_PUBKEY: Wipd6Pv7ttmII4/Oj82I5tmGZwuw6ucsE3G+hwsMR08=
      GATEWAY_ENDPOINT: 123.456.789.101:49185
    cap_add:
      - NET_ADMIN

4. Add the generated snippet to your docker-compose.yml file:

version: '3.9'
services:
  nginx:
    image: nginx:latest
  link:
    image: fractalnetworks/gateway-client:latest
    environment:
      LINK_DOMAIN: nginx.mydomain.com
      EXPOSE: nginx:80
      GATEWAY_CLIENT_WG_PRIVKEY: 4M7Ap0euzTxq7gTA/WIYIt3nU+i2FvHUc9eYTFQ2CGI=
      GATEWAY_LINK_WG_PUBKEY: Wipd6Pv7ttmII4/Oj82I5tmGZwuw6ucsE3G+hwsMR08=
      GATEWAY_ENDPOINT: 123.456.789.101:49185
    cap_add:
      - NET_ADMIN

5. Run docker compose up -d. This will established the link to the gateway and negotiate a TLS-certificate via Let's Encrypt. After ~1 minute, your service should be securely accessible via https://nginx.mydomain.com/

You may repeat steps 3-5 for as many services as you would like to expose using the same gateway.

Extra

Architecture

├── ...
└── src
    ├── client-link  # WireGuard instance for the client. Also handles SSL termination with Caddy
    │   └── ...
    ├── create-link  # CLI script for establishing a link.
    │   └── ...
    ├── gateway      # NGINX reverse proxy to distribute requests to each gateway-link instance.
    │   └── ...
    └── gateway-link # WireGuard instance for the gateway.
        └── ...

Terminology

• Link - A dedicated WireGuard tunnel between a local container (client) and the remote container running on the Gateway through which Reverse Proxy traffic is routed. A link is comprised of 2 pieces, the local or client link and the gateway or remote link.

Split DNS without SSL Termination

In the event you already have a reverse proxy which performs SSL termination for your apps/services you can enable FORWARD_ONLY mode. Suppose you are using Traefik for SSL termination:

1. On your local LAN you will resolve *.sub.mydomain.com to your local Traefik IP
2. On your external DNS for your domain you will resolve *.sub.mydomain.com to the IP of your VPS
3. In your compose file add an additional two variables: EXPOSE_HTTPS and FORWARD_ONLY

version: '3.9'
services:
  app:
    image: traefik:latest
  link:
    image: fractalnetworks/gateway-client:latest
    environment:
      LINK_DOMAIN: sub.mydomain.com
      EXPOSE: app:80
      EXPOSE_HTTPS: app:443
      FORWARD_ONLY: "True"
      GATEWAY_CLIENT_WG_PRIVKEY: 4M7Ap0euzTxq7gTA/WIYIt3nU+i2FvHUc9eYTFQ2CGI=
      GATEWAY_LINK_WG_PUBKEY: Wipd6Pv7ttmII4/Oj82I5tmGZwuw6ucsE3G+hwsMR08=
      GATEWAY_ENDPOINT: 5.161.127.102:49185
    cap_add:
      - NET_ADMIN

You will see logs from the link container indicating it is in forward only mode:

traefikv2_link.1.qvijxtwiu0wb@docker01    | + socat TCP4-LISTEN:8443,fork,reuseaddr TCP4:app:443,reuseaddr
traefikv2_link.1.qvijxtwiu0wb@docker01    | + socat TCP4-LISTEN:8080,fork,reuseaddr TCP4:app:80,reuseaddr

Show all links running on a Gateway

$ docker ps

Limitations

• Currently only IPv4 is supported
• Raw UDP proxying is supported but is currently untested & undocumented, see bottom of gateway/link-entrypoint.sh.

FAQ

• How is this better than setting up nginx and WireGuard myself on a VPS?

The goal of this project is to self-hosting more accessible and reproducible. This selfhosted-gateway leverages a "ZeroTrust" network architecture (see diagram above). Each "Link" provides a dedicated WireGuard tunnel that is isolated from other containers and the underlying. This isolation is provided by Docker Compose's creation of a private Docker network for each compose file (project).

• Can I still access the service from my local network?

You will need to expose ports in your Docker host as you would traditionally, but this is no longer necessary:

ports:
 - 80:80
 - 443:443

Support

Community support is available via our Matrix Channel https://matrix.to/#/#fractal:ether.ai