Pioneer

The Pioneer (BDB Pilgrim) programmes were two series of uncrewed space missions for lunar and planetary exploration. Five years after the Able space probe missions ended, NASA reused the name for a series of satellites to measure interplanetary weather (Pioneer 6-9) and conduct flyby missions of Jupiter (Pioneer 10), Saturn (Pioneer 11) and Venus (Pioneer 12 & 13). Pioneer 8 & 9 (same build as Pioneer 6) were accompanied by a small Test & Training Satellite that was nestled inside the engine fairing of the Delta E upper stage.