Proofreading

The entire document was proofread for issues.

This did find and fix incorrect equations in sections: 174 Entropy and Short Codes, 176 Superexponential Conceptspace, and Simple Words, and 274 Magical Categories.

Other changes include fixing some two-column issues where the equations did not fit in one column, some "Edit: 2017" footnotes, and numerous font and formatting issues.