chore: use f-string in place of old-style formatted string

examples/annotate_deployment.py

@@ -62,8 +62,7 @@ def main():
     time.sleep(1)
     before_annotating = apps_v1_api.read_namespaced_deployment(
         'deploy-nginx', 'default')
-    print('Before annotating, annotations: %s' %
-          before_annotating.metadata.annotations)
+    print(f"Before annotating, annotations: {before_annotating.metadata.annotations}")
 
     annotations = [
         {
@@ -80,8 +79,7 @@ def main():
     time.sleep(1)
     after_annotating = apps_v1_api.read_namespaced_deployment(
         name='deploy-nginx', namespace='default')
-    print('After annotating, annotations: %s' %
-          after_annotating.metadata.annotations)
+    print(f"After annotating, annotations: {after_annotating.metadata.annotations}")
 
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":

examples/api_discovery.py

@@ -27,8 +27,7 @@ def main():
     config.load_kube_config()
 
     print("Supported APIs (* is preferred version):")
-    print("%-40s %s" %
-          ("core", ",".join(client.CoreApi().get_api_versions().versions)))
+    print(f"{'core':<40} {','.join(client.CoreApi().get_api_versions().versions)}")
     for api in client.ApisApi().get_api_versions().groups:
         versions = []
         for v in api.versions:
@@ -38,7 +37,7 @@ def main():
                 name += "*"
             name += v.version
             versions.append(name)
-        print("%-40s %s" % (api.name, ",".join(versions)))
+        print(f"{api.name:<40} {','.join(versions)}")
 
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':

examples/apply_from_directory.py

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-from kubernetes import client,config,utils
+from kubernetes import client, config, utils
 
 def main():
     config.load_kube_config()

examples/apply_from_single_file.py

@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
-from kubernetes import client,config,utils
+from kubernetes import client, config, utils
 
 def main():
     config.load_kube_config()
     k8s_client = client.ApiClient()
-    yaml_file = 'examples/configmap-demo-pod.yml'
+    yaml_file = 'examples/yaml_dir/configmap-demo-pod.yml'
     utils.create_from_yaml(k8s_client,yaml_file,verbose=True)
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":

examples/cluster_scoped_custom_object.py

@@ -100,10 +100,7 @@ def main():
         plural="crontabs",
     )
     print("%s\t\t%s" % ("NAME", "CRON-SPEC"))
-    print(
-        "%s\t%s\n" %
-        (resource["metadata"]["name"],
-         resource["spec"]["cronSpec"]))
+    print(f"{resource['metadata']['name']}\t{resource['spec']['cronSpec']}\n")
 
     # patch the `spec.cronSpec` field of the custom resource
     patched_resource = api.patch_cluster_custom_object(
@@ -115,10 +112,7 @@ def main():
     )
     print("[INFO] Custom resource `test-crontab` patched to update the cronSpec schedule!\n")
     print("%s\t\t%s" % ("NAME", "PATCHED-CRON-SPEC"))
-    print(
-        "%s\t%s\n" %
-        (patched_resource["metadata"]["name"],
-         patched_resource["spec"]["cronSpec"]))
+    print(f"{patched_resource['metadata']['name']}\t{patched_resource['spec']['cronSpec']}\n")
 
     # patch the `metadata.labels` field of the custom resource
     patched_resource = api.patch_cluster_custom_object(
@@ -130,10 +124,7 @@ def main():
     )
     print("[INFO] Custom resource `test-crontab` patched to apply new metadata labels!\n")
     print("%s\t\t%s" % ("NAME", "PATCHED_LABELS"))
-    print(
-        "%s\t%s\n" %
-        (patched_resource["metadata"]["name"],
-         patched_resource["metadata"]["labels"]))
+    print(f"{patched_resource['metadata']['name']}\t{patched_resource['metadata']['labels']}\n")
 
     # delete the custom resource "test-crontab"
     api.delete_cluster_custom_object(

examples/deployment_create.py

@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ def main():
         k8s_apps_v1 = client.AppsV1Api()
         resp = k8s_apps_v1.create_namespaced_deployment(
             body=dep, namespace="default")
-        print("Deployment created. status='%s'" % resp.metadata.name)
+        print(f"Deployment created. Status='{resp.metadata.name}'")
 
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':

examples/in_cluster_config.py

@@ -58,8 +58,7 @@ def main():
     print("Listing pods with their IPs:")
     ret = v1.list_pod_for_all_namespaces(watch=False)
     for i in ret.items:
-        print("%s\t%s\t%s" %
-              (i.status.pod_ip, i.metadata.namespace, i.metadata.name))
+        print(f"{i.status.pod_ip}\t{i.metadata.namespace}\t{i.metadata.name}")
 
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':

examples/job_crud.py

@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@
 
 
 def create_job_object():
-    # Configureate Pod template container
+    # Configure Pod template container
     container = client.V1Container(
         name="pi",
         image="perl",
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ def create_job(api_instance, job):
     api_response = api_instance.create_namespaced_job(
         body=job,
         namespace="default")
-    print("Job created. status='%s'" % str(api_response.status))
+    print(f"Job created. status='{str(api_response.status)}'")
     get_job_status(api_instance)
 
 
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ def get_job_status(api_instance):
                 api_response.status.failed is not None:
             job_completed = True
         sleep(1)
-        print("Job status='%s'" % str(api_response.status))
+        print(f"Job status='{str(api_response.status)}'")
 
 
 def update_job(api_instance, job):
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ def update_job(api_instance, job):
         name=JOB_NAME,
         namespace="default",
         body=job)
-    print("Job updated. status='%s'" % str(api_response.status))
+    print(f"Job updated. status='{str(api_response.status)}'")
 
 
 def delete_job(api_instance):
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ def delete_job(api_instance):
         body=client.V1DeleteOptions(
             propagation_policy='Foreground',
             grace_period_seconds=5))
-    print("Job deleted. status='%s'" % str(api_response.status))
+    print(f"Job deleted. status='{str(api_response.status)}'")
 
 
 def main():

examples/multiple_clusters.py

@@ -43,13 +43,11 @@ def main():
 
     print("\nList of pods on %s:" % cluster1)
     for i in client1.list_pod_for_all_namespaces().items:
-        print("%s\t%s\t%s" %
-              (i.status.pod_ip, i.metadata.namespace, i.metadata.name))
+        print(f"{i.status.pod_ip}\t{i.metadata.namespace}\t{i.metadata.name}")
 
-    print("\n\nList of pods on %s:" % cluster2)
+    print(f"\n\nList of pods on {cluster2}:")
     for i in client2.list_pod_for_all_namespaces().items:
-        print("%s\t%s\t%s" %
-              (i.status.pod_ip, i.metadata.namespace, i.metadata.name))
+        print(f"{i.status.pod_ip}\t{i.metadata.namespace}\t{i.metadata.name}")
 
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':

examples/node_labels.py

@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ def main():
     # Patching the node labels
     for node in node_list.items:
         api_response = api_instance.patch_node(node.metadata.name, body)
-        print("%s\t%s" % (node.metadata.name, node.metadata.labels))
+        print(f"{node.metadata.name}\t{node.metadata.labels}")
 
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':

examples/out_of_cluster_config.py

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
 # limitations under the License.
 
 """
-Shows how to load a Kubernetes config from outside of the cluster.
+Shows how to load a Kubernetes config from outside the cluster.
 """
 
 from kubernetes import client, config
@@ -29,8 +29,7 @@ def main():
     print("Listing pods with their IPs:")
     ret = v1.list_pod_for_all_namespaces(watch=False)
     for i in ret.items:
-        print("%s\t%s\t%s" %
-              (i.status.pod_ip, i.metadata.namespace, i.metadata.name))
+        print(f"{i.status.pod_ip}\t{i.metadata.namespace}\t{i.metadata.name}")
 
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':

examples/pick_kube_config_context.py

@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ def main():
     # utility
     config.load_kube_config(context=option)
 
-    print("Active host is %s" % configuration.Configuration().host)
+    print(f"Active host is {configuration.Configuration().host}")
 
     v1 = client.CoreV1Api()
     print("Listing pods with their IPs:")

examples/pod_config_list.py

@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ def main():
     # utility
     config.load_kube_config(context=option)
 
-    print("Active host is %s" % configuration.Configuration().host)
+    print(f"Active host is {configuration.Configuration().host}")
 
     v1 = client.CoreV1Api()
     print("Listing pods with their IPs:")

examples/pod_exec.py

@@ -33,11 +33,11 @@ def exec_commands(api_instance):
                                                 namespace='default')
     except ApiException as e:
         if e.status != 404:
-            print("Unknown error: %s" % e)
+            print(f"Unknown error: {e}")
             exit(1)
 
     if not resp:
-        print("Pod %s does not exist. Creating it..." % name)
+        print(f"Pod {name} does not exist. Creating it...")
         pod_manifest = {
             'apiVersion': 'v1',
             'kind': 'Pod',
@@ -98,22 +98,22 @@ def exec_commands(api_instance):
     while resp.is_open():
         resp.update(timeout=1)
         if resp.peek_stdout():
-            print("STDOUT: %s" % resp.read_stdout())
+            print(f"STDOUT: {resp.read_stdout()}")
         if resp.peek_stderr():
-            print("STDERR: %s" % resp.read_stderr())
+            print(f"STDERR: {resp.read_stderr()}")
         if commands:
             c = commands.pop(0)
-            print("Running command... %s\n" % c)
+            print(f"Running command... {c}\n")
             resp.write_stdin(c + "\n")
         else:
             break
 
     resp.write_stdin("date\n")
     sdate = resp.readline_stdout(timeout=3)
-    print("Server date command returns: %s" % sdate)
+    print(f"Server date command returns: {sdate}")
     resp.write_stdin("whoami\n")
     user = resp.readline_stdout(timeout=3)
-    print("Server user is: %s" % user)
+    print(f"Server user is: {user}")
     resp.close()
 
 

examples/pod_portforward.py

@@ -66,11 +66,11 @@ def portforward_commands(api_instance):
                                                 namespace='default')
     except ApiException as e:
         if e.status != 404:
-            print("Unknown error: %s" % e)
+            print(f"Unknown error: {e}")
             exit(1)
 
     if not resp:
-        print("Pod %s does not exist. Creating it..." % name)
+        print(f"Pod {name} does not exist. Creating it...")
         pod_manifest = {
             'apiVersion': 'v1',
             'kind': 'Pod',
@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ def portforward_commands(api_instance):
     if error is None:
         print("No port forward errors on port 80.")
     else:
-        print("Port 80 has the following error: %s" % error)
+        print(f"Port 80 has the following error: {error}")
 
     # Monkey patch socket.create_connection which is used by http.client and
     # urllib.request. The same can be done with urllib3.util.connection.create_connection
@@ -147,10 +147,10 @@ def kubernetes_create_connection(address, *args, **kwargs):
                         break
                 else:
                     raise RuntimeError(
-                        "Unable to find service port: %s" % port)
+                        f"Unable to find service port: {port}")
                 label_selector = []
                 for key, value in service.spec.selector.items():
-                    label_selector.append("%s=%s" % (key, value))
+                    label_selector.append(f"{key}={value}")
                 pods = api_instance.list_namespaced_pod(
                     namespace, label_selector=",".join(label_selector)
                 )
@@ -168,11 +168,10 @@ def kubernetes_create_connection(address, *args, **kwargs):
                         break
                     else:
                         raise RuntimeError(
-                            "Unable to find service port name: %s" % port)
+                            f"Unable to find service port name: {port}")
             elif dns_name[1] != 'pod':
                 raise RuntimeError(
-                    "Unsupported resource type: %s" %
-                    dns_name[1])
+                    f"Unsupported resource type: {dns_name[1]}")
         pf = portforward(api_instance.connect_get_namespaced_pod_portforward,
                          name, namespace, ports=str(port))
         return pf.socket(port)
@@ -181,10 +180,10 @@ def kubernetes_create_connection(address, *args, **kwargs):
     # Access the nginx http server using the
     # "<pod-name>.pod.<namespace>.kubernetes" dns name.
     response = urllib_request.urlopen(
-        'http://%s.pod.default.kubernetes' % name)
+        f'http://{name}.pod.default.kubernetes')
     html = response.read().decode('utf-8')
     response.close()
-    print('Status Code: %s' % response.code)
+    print(f'Status Code: {response.code}')
     print(html)
 
 

examples/remote_cluster.py

@@ -52,8 +52,7 @@ def main():
     print("Listing pods with their IPs:")
     ret = v1.list_pod_for_all_namespaces(watch=False)
     for i in ret.items:
-        print("%s\t%s\t%s" %
-              (i.status.pod_ip, i.metadata.namespace, i.metadata.name))
+        print(f"{i.status.pod_ip}\t{i.metadata.namespace}\t{i.metadata.name}")
 
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':